WEBVTT
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[inaudible].
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Welcome to the Project Zion podcast.
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This podcast explores the unique spiritual and theological gifts Community of Christ offers for today's world.
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[inaudible]
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Hello everyone and welcome to another episode of the Project Zion podcast.
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This is Brittany Mangelson and I will be your host for today and I am really excited about the conversation that we are going to have.
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But I'm here with Laurie Due and Laurie and I think we've only met once at this last World Conference.
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Maybe we met in 2016 I can't quite remember, but Laurie's been on my list of people to have on PZP for a while now and she recently presented at John Whitmer Historical Association.
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And when I, when we were talking about her paper, I knew that I wanted to have a further conversation about it.
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So I'm really, really excited and we are just going to dive into it.
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So Laurie, thank you for being on.
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And why don't you introduce yourself a little bit to our listeners?
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Well as you said, I'm Laurie.
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Hi people who are listening.
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So I've lived a relatively stressful life and it's all resulted in me enjoying talking about theology and religion.
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I spent most of my life moving around and didn't really have a solid place of living.
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We lived in Ohio for like 12 years, but constantly different places.
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So I'm settled in Lamoni now it's nice, but it was funny.
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I started going to Graceland about three years ago and I told my friends I would never study religion and I was very, very, very wrong because now it's my absolute favorite topic.
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And so I only, I only really got invested into my faith as a Community of Christ number about three years ago.
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So it's all still kind of new to me.
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Now I'm working in the campus ministries program, coordinating the safe ride program, which is rideshare on campus.
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I'm working on my undergrad in psychology and I was accepted into seminary is a CEU students prior to my graduation.
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Uh, so I just finished my first course in that and I'm going blind.
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So that's fun.
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That is, that's always the fun part.
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It's a lot to juggle.
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And, uh, I was not aware that you were not in seminary.
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In my mind, I thought that you were a seminary student.
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So when I heard or realized that you were an undergrad juggling all of these things, my, my impression of you just went up that much more.
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So
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Yeah, I, uh, I actually found seminary, my, the one course that I have taken so far to be really useful and keeping me focused an undergrad because I'm a senior right now.
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I have to make it to graduation without getting bored because after taking a grad class, everything else is like a walk in the park on a sunny day.
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It's so easy.
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Well, I, uh, I really appreciate your enthusiasm because I know that by the time that I was finished with seminary, I'm like, Oh my gosh.
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And it was just like trudging through mud.
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I mean a very, a very great happy mud.
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But still the workload was a lot, so,
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Oh, that's true.
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Oh, okay.
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So let's, let's dive into your paper a little bit and I actually, I have our notes pulled up, but I don't actually have your paper pulled up.
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So can you tell us the title of your paper?
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So the title of my paper is expanding understanding of the community of Zion.
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Yes,
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I was intrigued by at the very beginning, you know, on Project Zion and we always talk about Zion obviously and the peaceable kingdom and what it takes to build that.
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And so I feel, well we have been intentional with all of our series to connect different elements of Zion and what does it take to build a peaceable kingdom.
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And so when I read your paper and when we were talking about your paper, the angle that you took was really, really interesting.
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And I always love when people tie in the Enduring Principles and the concept of common consent.
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And those were two big themes that you drew through your paper.
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So that's kind of what we are going to be talking about today.
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So, Laurie, I am curious on how you chose the topic for this paper.
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What sparks your interest in exploring what Zion is and how we create as ionic community.
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So when I wrote the paper, I was taking a class taught by Tony and Charmaine Chavla Smith.
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It was the theology of Community of Christ.
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And we had a final research paper that we were supposed to pick two topics.
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I ended up with like three or four in the paper cause I'm really extra when I write.
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The thing that really got me was the process of change that we undergo.
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And so there was this one author this stuck out to me.
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His name was, his last name was Spencer.
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I don't remember the first name cause he only ever cite the last name.
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But he talked about Zion as an action symbol and process.
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And I absolutely love that because as someone who is disabled and has, who has seen all kinds of suffering in life, both on my own end and with what other people are going through, I know that adapting to that and building a sustainable system is about being able to change and being able to move forward.
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And so I absolutely loved this idea that, that we could look at Zion in terms of how it adapts this process of recognizing that we know how to do something and then using that in new situations.
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I absolutely love that because, and we'll get into this a little bit, but I know that Zion has historically been, you know, a physical place and we've moved into an understanding of it being a concept and it can be anywhere that we are.
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And so when you talk about being marginalized, being disabled, and being able to create a community that is inclusive, that is adaptable, that uplifts the worth and value of the most marginalized that's something that really resonates with me.
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And honestly that shift and understanding was a big part of what drew me to community of Christ.
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So thank you.
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I'm really excited to have this conversation.
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So let's, let's, I guess start with this definition of Zion.
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What would you say the definition is and then can you give us a little bit of information on maybe how it's historically been used and viewed and then how it's viewed today?
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So Zion is, the reason I love Zion is because it has evolved beautifully speaking from the perspective of Community of Christ, because that's what I was, I was looking specifically at their theology.
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Our theology when I wrote the paper, it's from LDS to RLDS is started out as a gathering tradition focused on the location of Christ's return.
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And so it affected the theology, um, the understanding of how you were supposed to exist in this kingdom of God by making it a very concrete institutional view.
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So there's a specific place you're supposed to be in, there's a specific way you're supposed to act.
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And that was how it was understood.
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And so that's how we ended up with locations like Kirtland and Nauvoo and Independence.
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Now, uh, we have ended up in this understanding of Zion as a process and an action rather than a place.
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And so it's, it's more about the world we're building rather than the place we're building.
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So if we're focused so much on say, the perfect building, a perfect city Independence, you can only do so much with things like infrastructure and what buildings we have, this, that and the other.
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But if we're focused on the world, it allows us to look at the different religions of other people and how we interact with those, the different cultural understandings of things, of concepts such as gender and race.
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Um, and so Zion has become more about adapting to the existence of people rather than adapting the existence of people to the world.
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So I love Laurie that you outlined how is how's ion has been viewed historically and then how it has been viewed today.
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And again, I really love that you earlier brought in how's ion impacts this concept of Zion impacts the most marginalized.
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And so going along with that, let's talk a little bit more about how this concept of Zion is related to the worth of all persons.
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In your paper, you, and I'll pull up the quote directly.
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You say"In the worth of all persons, Zion has become a mission of selflessness, changing perspectives and open-mindedness, which allows new voices to be heard." And when I read that, as I was reading through your paper, when I read that, I highlighted it and underlined it because I wanted to make sure that we lifted that up.
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But this idea that Zion cannot be created unless perspectives change, we have a sense of a selflessness and that we are open minded to having other voices heard.
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So can you expand on that a little bit more?
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So when I was doing the research and in the course of a class, I came across this thing that occurred in the 1960s called the statement on objectives for the church.
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And it was a way of looking at globalization and how to approach you knew situations culturally.
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And there was this concept of indigenous worship which focused very heavily on seeing the people of a place and a culture as they are.
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And that was my favorite thing from that because it requires us to work with unusual cultures and lifestyles and it makes us move beyond prejudices about race, sexual orientation, gender, all these things that we've built walls up because we don't understand them or they're threatening to our understanding of power.
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It makes us work past them because we have to integrate new understandings of these things.
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And so one of the, one of the things that I like about that is because it, it made me think of tithing, oddly enough, because I always thought of tithing is something far beyond money.
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It's about giving your talents to new situations and your heart to new people.
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So when you're work, when you're talking about worth of all persons and Zion, you have to talk about how you interact with new people.
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Um, and so you have to give a piece of yourself to them to make them a part of you.
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And my painting, it's 100% this exchange.
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And that is how you accept them or at least begin to accept what you can understand about them.
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And so one of the things I was thinking is that ultimately we're all looking for some kind of peace.
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This place to belong, a place in which belonging means matter, which is where the, uh, worth of all persons comes into Zion.
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Because our ultimate value as an individual is a key component of building Zion.
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We can't build it if we don't exist honestly.
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So I absolutely love everything you just said.
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And I am reminded of the phrase from the Doctrine and Covenants,"within their welfare resides your welfare." And I love that you connected it to tidying as well because this, this idea of generosity and this idea of giving because we have been given it all inner ties with each other and to be able to recognize the innate value and worth and worthiness in another person directly impacts our relationships with not only them, but with God as well.
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And so I really think that, you know, on one level, I think it's easy to say, well of course if you live in a Zionic community, you would uphold the worth of all people.
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But when you actually get down to it, how often is, is that the motivating, the motivating drive in creating a peaceable kingdom, I don't know the way that you have phrased it and the way that you have pulled out so many other elements and veins of church speak, if you will, in Community of Christ to connect all these dots.
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It was really, really eye opening for me and I, yeah, I really appreciate it.
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I just wanted to add something to the end of that.
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I have this belief about ministry and tithing in that they have to be linked together because people always talk about them as separate concepts.
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And I imagine that if I said this to some people on campus, they would heavily disagree with me.
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But I feel that ministry is a form of tithing.
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So when you're dealing with people who are in new situations that you're not used to, you have to give up yourself.
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The um, the time and the brainpower and the sense of love and acceptance.
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And those are not easy things to give.
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And so when I'm thinking about building the kingdom of God, building Zion worth of all persons, to me it's all interlinked just in the same way that ministry and tithing are linked.
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Well, and I think that that's a really important thing to again, lift up because so often we think of generosity in one vein.
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It's just putting money in the offering or it's setting up etithing and, uh, we don't necessarily think of the human impact that those choices make.
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And yes, giving, but then also the ministry that we bring our ministry of presence, our ministry of friendship.
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And you know, when I look at the various priesthood offices and their roles and function, those focused points of ministry really can be linked back to generosity.
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And so I appreciate the way that you kind of married the two.
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That tithing and generosity and giving doesn't necessarily always mean putting money in the envelope, but it's, it is how we give of our time and of our testimony and of our talents.
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And, you know, I'll say that, that that is a difficult and vulnerable thing to do, especially because usually the people that we are administering to, including ourselves have some sense of brokenness.
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And so being able to step into that place and reminding everyone of God's unconditional love can be life giving, but then it can just be challenging.
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So I appreciate the way that you've, you've highlighted that as well.
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So not only did you bring up the worth of all persons in this concept of Zion, but you talked a fair bit about common consent.
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So I think that common consent is one of those, again, kind of church speaky things that we throw around a lot.
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And I don't know if people really stop and pause and understand what we are talking about when we talk about common consent.
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So if you could give your basic definition of what common consent is, what would it be?
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Uh, so the way I think about common consent is I think about it as the process by which communities which are represented by a delegation.
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So a community will pick a group of people they think adequately sum up the essence of a community and they'll come together to decide on legislation sharing their unique views about situations, um, and their unique understandings about different types of suffering or successes in communities.
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And these can vary between race, socioeconomic status, things like that.
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So I should mention that a couple of days ago I posted on Facebook that we are going to be recording this conversation and several people wanted us to expound a little bit more uncommon consent.
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I don't know if I am fully qualified to be able to do that, especially when it comes to what other church communities or I guess communities in general do as far as the decision making process goes.
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But I will say that I think that the process that Community of Christ goes through is unique.
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And not only is it unique that the body has a voice and a vote, but that there is a, an understanding of communal discernment and that for a lot of our decisions that we make, we can go through a period of this discernment together and hear a variety of perspectives.
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And again, you know it's, it's my understanding that in a lot of other religions or just different movements or communities that there might be a group of leadership up top that makes a lot of the decisions and then it kind of trickles down to members of that community.
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But in Community of Christ, and we've talked about this a lot on project sign that we really are striving to be a prophetic people, so to have the decisions and the movement and the rumble coming from the body and then having that be the way that the, the, that'd be the driving force that the church moves in is something that is, is really important.
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So I don't want to get into it too much, but I just wanted to throw that out there that I do think that our process of common consent is pretty unique.
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It does this amazing thing where it, eh, when I describe it, it sounds, you know, like your standard democracy, which we are, we are democracy.
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Our guidelines essentially come down from God, but it is our job to interpret them to the best of our ability and to work through them within our own capacity.
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And the beauty of this process is that if we're not ready to do something, we can take this time or if we are ready to do something, but we need to work through it with the language of people from another country because they have a unique representation or understanding of it.
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We have that opportunity.
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And so our legislation, because of this process becomes universal in a sense.
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Not that it's vague or ambiguous, but that you can see how it would apply to new situations that you hadn't thought of that, that are very, very relevant.
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Exactly.
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And that's a, I think, well what that concept is what sparked the quote that I took from your paper and posted on Facebook because it was this idea that we have a common understanding that Christ mission is our mission.
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And so we define that mission through our mission initiatives.
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And then from there we make decisions based on that mission.
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And so the decisions that we make, it looks differently in Europe than it does in the United States and in Canada than it does in South America and in Asia and in Africa.
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And in all these different places in the world, that's lived out differently.
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And we also like to say that mission is conceptual, like the, the, um, the way that we live out, the mission initiatives looks different in our different local areas.
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And yet that mission of Christ mission being our mission is what ties it all together.
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So I really appreciated how you lifted that up because that in and of itself is, is a celebration of diversity.
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How would you say that that process of common consent fosters diversity?
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And then do you see it being used or have you seen it being used in the life of the church?
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So on a very base level, the process of common consent allows the greater community being our worldwide church to build the kingdom of God, Zion, heaven.
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Some people use different words because of the various connotations with the words.
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I use them interchangeably and will proceed to do so.
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But they use, uh, they use this process to build the kingdom of God by allowing the church to be shaped by the people within it.
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So when we're looking at this last World Conference, we looked at the issue of violence.
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Whatever we come to decide on in the future isn't going to just be shaped by the leadership itself and how they see the issue in the church.
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It's going to be shaped by the people that live in the military heavy areas that live in areas that are, uh, known for domestic abuse or gang violence.
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It's going to be, it's going to be approached by people who do not live in areas with a of violence, people who might live in areas with a higher socioeconomic status and where they're not really affected by it, but they want to make sure that they approach this in a way that is beneficial to people who are affected by different kinds of violence.
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So when we approach this, we're approaching it from the perspective of not knowing the whole situation.
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And so it takes into account all these different types of community that are found in the church.
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It allows different struggles and forms of inequality to be made known through personal testimony and also through things like amendments, which you know then can be voted on.
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And then the biggest thing is that it allows the church to move at own pace.
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So even if they can't decide on something or they can still work through it within their own communities and they can decide where they stand at least a little bit, they can decide, say on the issue of violence that in one area it's 100% not okay because they're dealing with like gang violence and they have to be able to say this isn't okay.
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We know that you're being hurt and we want you to feel safe here.
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In other areas where people have to consider self-defense as a major issue such as in areas where violent crimes are an issue like assaults, robberies, domestic abuse, they would say that self-defense might be an important thing to consider in this legislation.
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All of these different issues come from different perspectives, which makes the concept of diversity very necessary and allows it to exist.
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As you were talking, I was reminded at world conference when Tiona Horning walked up to the restroom and she spoke against violence for LGBTQ people.
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And we are having this conversation on nonviolence and it was mostly around, you know, our, our framework was working with different cultural understandings of what violence looks like in different nations of our world.
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And it just took a little girl to get up there.
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She took maybe 15 seconds, maybe not even that long.
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And, and, uh, I was watching the whole thing from the press booth at the side of the auditorium and I couldn't contain my excitement for what she said because it took one little girl to draw the conference into the reality that, that there are marginalized people that we're missing in this conversation.
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And so, yeah, when I think of common consent and when I think of the process that we go through to make decisions and to make sure that everyone has a voice, um, I think that it's, it's important because sometimes it takes a child to, to remind us that we're not including everyone in our conversation.
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So it's, it's powerful.
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And that was, that had to easily be my favorite part of the entire conference.
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For that in that moment right there, I had the opportunity to realize that no matter how well our delegations might represent our communities, we're not there solely for our own communities.
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We're not even there primarily for our communities.
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The Community of Christ main mission is outreach.
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It is bringing this understanding of community that we have to other people in a way that is okay for them, that speaks to their language and their understanding of the world.
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And she, I think she brought that back to us because not everyone could be there to say that we're not represented or that there are these people that aren't in the church that could be impacted by this and that.
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It was just amazing to me.
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Yeah, exactly.
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I feel the exact same way and it almost was a reality check for me because I am very privileged in a lot of different ways and that's not to say that I haven't had violence perpetuated against me in various ways, but comparatively speaking, I've lived a very safe and privileged life.
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And so, uh, to, to kind of have that reality check from a child was something that I needed to hear.
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And again, you know, on one level, intellectually I understand and I, I totally could have brought that point up myself and yet my own privilege was blinding me and, and I wasn't even verbalizing anything in this conversation.
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But to have that reality check from a child was very, very powerful for me.
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So we've been talking about a very recent situation where common consent was practiced.
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You do highlight two specific situations in the life of the church and the history of the church specifically when section 156 was presented and then into national conferences.
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So do you want to just discuss that a little bit and how common consent was used in those situations?
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Yes.
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So one of the things that I highlighted that I think really brings home the magnitude of the situations I discussed was one of the other situations I discussed with LGBT leadership and presence in the membership of the church.
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And so one of the things I mentioned was the vast difference in how they were approached in terms of common consent.
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Section 156 of the doctrine and covenants was a really interesting occurrence because it's, it was not gradual and I'm not even a hundred percent certain that the membership was totally cool with it.
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And I have, I have a few reasons for this.
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So when women were first looked at as being part of the membership, it was super early on, men wanted ministers wives to be able to do what they did, if not on the same level with some of the same privileges as priesthood members, even if they weren't technically priesthood members.
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That was shut down super early on.
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So were given secondary roles.
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They were the Sunday school teachers and they were like personal counselors without actually being given the role of teacher, things like that.
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They were very much in the role of ministry without being recognized for it.
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So when 156 came around and there had been a few surveys done where people talked about how okay they were with women being in the ministry in the priesthood or to what level do they want women ordained.
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And there was not a lot of agreement on much of anything.
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Nobody could seem to get on the same page because of the vast difference in how we viewed men and women throughout the history of the church.
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And so when 156 came around, it was, I find it a little funny because it kind of snuck in the ordination of women, if I remember correctly, one 56 they did the ordination of women and the building of the Temple.
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So the idea was that they would say we're going to ordain women and we're going to build the Temple and if the Temple is good and from God and so must the ordination of women be.
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And so this idea was that people were kind of just going to have to accept it and I get that people had to vote on it, but it was very controversial because they didn't feel as if it was the right time or the right move.
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And there was this huge schism in the church.
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So many people left.
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So many people tried to block the ordination of women.
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It took a really long time for women to be able to actually get through the process without people showing up and protesting or just not being there at all.
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And so the reason I compared the ordination of women to the LGBT community and their presence in the membership and leadership is because that process was actually modeled after the failings of the process through at 156 was brought into, was brought into the scripture or the doctrine, and what they did was they went through a much more gradual process and more conversational process that allowed the a that allowed discussion on the topic of how do we feel about gay people being in the priesthood?
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How do we feel about them being in relationships?
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While they're in the priesthood, can they be in the membership at all or is that okay?
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Just not the priesthood.
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There were all kinds of levels and this was because a, the presidency didn't want a repeat of the split that happened after women were allowed to be ordained.
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And so the process of common consent itself has been evolving throughout this entire struggle to understand what's okay and what's not okay.
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So as we evolve in terms of our prejudices, we evolve how we approach legislation.
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And I think that that's really important because, because through the process of becoming a prophetic people, I think that we have recognized that it takes a change of heart, not necessarily just a policy change that comes from a revelation that we vote on, that it takes a full change of heart.
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And I know that the transition for LGBTQ inclusion has not been without bumps in the road, but I do think that the, by the time we got to the process of actually voting, I think that more hearts had changed.
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And I think that, that the Spirit, that God's Spirit is able to move in us easier because we recognize that even if we don't agree on everything, that again, that, that driving center that is holding us together is Christ mission.
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And I, I, I've read some of the minutes from the 1984 conference when I was in the temple library for seminary and it, it just broke my heart because you could, I mean, you could read men and women standing up in front of their entire church saying how brokenhearted they were and maybe some of them left, maybe some of them ended up coming around.
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I mean, I don't know.
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But, and really it was a, it was a mix of everything.
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But just seeing, seeing that dramatic revelation drop and I fully know that it was a conversation that had been going for a while.
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And we've done several interviews with Wallace B Smith and Becky Savage on that whole process, but I do think that the intentionality of national conferences, I think our hearts were in the right place.
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And again, even though that it hasn't been without bumps in the road, I think that we, we did take some of those lessons from section 156 and we tried to be more understanding of a different perspective and not necessarily just say, okay, here's the revelation that we're going to plop down and you're going to vote on it and just a couple of days and it's going to rock your world no matter what direction you fall.
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So yeah, I really appreciate that growth and deepened journey with God that the church took with, with national conferences and, and I, I've said a lot, but I feel like that's one of my biggest regrets is finding Community for Christ post national conference, because I would have loved to actually see that process play out, but yeah.
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And there was a, there was one other thing I was thinking about concerning how these two different legislations played out and it's, I was thinking of the aftermath when after women were ordained.
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It took a very long time for people to be able to come around with this as an acceptable concept, despite the fact that it's in the doctrine and covenants.
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Whereas with the LGBT community in the membership and priesthood, people were more quickly once it was, you know, once everything was put into legislation or became just a, any kind of policy, people were more quick to accept it just because they had had the opportunity to work through it.
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Uh, and I was thinking about this because when I was little, I was a baby at the time in 1996 or seven when this happened, my great grandmother was ordained and my family had no idea until the night of, because until that night, my immediate family was extremely against the ordination of women, despite the fact that there are almost no men in our family and they're all women.
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Um, somehow they were still against the ordination of women until my great grandma, my grandmother, she was being ordained.
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So they raced over to where it was happening.
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And, and I remember this cause this was my first memory and I was telling my mom about this and she said that it took until it was a family member that they knew personally, they knew the character of, and they knew what she did for other people.
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It took until that moment for it to suddenly be okay.